[原创]移动基站防雷接地作业指导

冻冬

移动通信基站的防雷与接地

  

¡      1、供电系统的防雷与接地；

¡      2、铁塔的防雷与接地；

¡      3、天馈线系统的防雷与接地；

¡      4、信号线路的防雷与接地 ；

¡      5、其他设施的防雷与接地；

 

1-1 移动通信基站的交流供电系统应采用三相五线制供电方式。
1-2 移动通信基站宜设置专用电力变压嚣,电力线宜采用具有金属护套或绝缘护套电缆穿钢管埋地引入移动通信基站,电力电缆金属护套或钢管两端应就近可靠接地。
1-3 当电力变压器设在站外时,对于地处年雷暴日大于20天,大地电阻率大于100欧姆/米的暴露地区的架空高压电力线路,宜在其上方架设避雷线,其长度不宜小于500m。电力线应在避雷线的25度保护范围内,避雷线(除终端杆处)应每杆作一次接地。为确保安全,宜在避雷线终端杆的前一杆上,增装一组氧化锌避雷嚣。若已建站的架空高压电力线路防雷改造采用避雷线有困难时,可在架空高压电力线路终端杆,终端杆前第一,第三或第二,第四杆上各增设一组氧化锌避雷器,同时在第三杆或第四杆增设一组高压保险丝。
1-4 当电力变压器设在站内时,其高压电力线应采用电力电缆从地下进站,电缆长度不宜小于200米,电力电缆与架空电力线连接处三根相线应加装氧化锌避雷器,电缆两端金属外护层应就近接地。
1-5 移动通信基站交流电力变压器高压侧的三根相线,应分别就近对地加装氧化锌避雷器,电力变压器低压侧三根相线应分别对地加装无间隙氧化锌避雷器,变压器的机壳,低压侧的交流零线,以及与变压器相连的电力电缆的金属外护层,应就近接地.出入基站的所有电力线均应在出口处加装避雷器。
1-6 进入移动通信基站的低压电力电缆宜从地下引入机房,其长度不宜小于50米(当变压器高压侧已采用电力电缆时,低压侧电力电缆长度不限).电力电缆在进入机房交流屏处应加装避雷器,从屏内引出的零线不作重复接地。 
1-7 移动通信基站供电设备的正常不带电的金属部分,避雷器的接地端,均应作保接接地,严禁作接零保护。 
1-8 移动通信基站直流工作地,应从室内接地汇集线上就近引接,接地线截面积应满足最大负荷的要求,一般为35-95平方毫米,材料为多股铜线。 
1-9 移动通信基站电源设备应满足相关标准,规范中关于耐雷电冲击指标的规定,交流屏,整流屏(或高频开关电源)应设有分极防护装置。 
1-10 电源避雷器和天馈线避雷器的耐雷电冲击指标等参数应符合相关标准,规范的规定。

 

冻冬

2-1 移动通信基站铁塔应有完善的防直击雷及二次感应雷的防雷装置. 
2-2 移动通信基站铁塔宜采用太阳能塔灯.对于使用交流电馈电的航空标志灯,其电源线应采用具有金属外护层的电缆,电缆的金属外护层的塔顶及机房入口处的外侧就近接地.塔灯控制线及电源线的每根相线均应在机房入口处分别对地加装避雷器,零线应直接接地.   

3-1 移动通信基站天线应在接闪器的保护范围内,接闪器应设置专用雷电流引下线,材料宜采用40毫米乘以4毫米的镀锌扁钢. 
3-2 基站同轴电缆馈线的金属外护层,应在上部,下部和经走线架进机房入口处就近接地,在机房入口处的接地应就近与地网引出的接地线妥善连通.当铁塔高度大于或等于60米时,同轴电缆馈线金属外护层还应在铁塔中部增加一处接地. 
3-3 同轴电缆馈线进入的感应雷.馈线避雷器接地端子应就近引接到室外馈线入口处接地线上,选择馈线避雷器时应考虑阻抗,衰耗,工作频段等指标与通信设备相适应.  

4-1 信号电缆应由地下进出移动通信基站,电缆内芯线在进站处应加装相应的信号避雷器,避雷器和电缆内的空线对均应作保护接地.站区内严禁布放架空缆线. 
4-2 对于地处年雷暴日大于20天,大地电阻率大于100欧姆.米地区的新建信号电缆,宜采取在电缆上方放排流线或采用有金属外护套的电缆,亦可采用光缆,以防雷击. 

5-1 移动通信基站的建筑物应有完善的防直击雷及抑制二次感应雷的防雷装置(避雷网,避雷带和接内嚣等). 
5-2 机房顶部的各种金属设施,均应分别与屋顶避雷带就近连通.机房屋顶的彩灯应安装在避雷带下方. 
5-3 机房内走线架,吊挂铁架,机架或机壳,金属通风管道,金属门窗等均应作保护接地.保护接地引线一般宜采用截面积不小于35平方毫米的多股铜导线。

冻冬

地网的组成

 

1 移动通信基站应按均压,等电位的原理,将工作地,保护地和防雷地组成一个联合接地网.站内各类接地线应从接地汇集线或接地网上分别引入. 
2 移动通信基站地网由机房地网,铁塔地网和变压器地网组成,地网的组成如图4.1.2所示.基站地网应充分利用机房建筑物的基础(含地桩),铁塔基础内的主钢筋和地下其他金属设施作为接地体的一部分.当铁塔设在机房房顶,电力变压器设在机房楼内时,其地网可合用机房地网. 
3 机房地网组成:机房地网应沿机房建筑物散水点外设环形接地装置,同时还应利用机房建筑物基础横竖梁内两根以上主钢筋共同组成机房地网.当机房建筑物基础有地桩时,应将地桩内两根以上主钢筋与机房地网焊接连通.当机房设有防静电地板时,应在地板下围绕机敷设闭合的环形接地线,作为地板金属支架的接地引线排,其材料为铜导根截面积为50-75平方毫米,并从接地汇集线上引出不少于二根截面积为50-75平方毫米的铜质接地线与引线排的南,北或东,西侧连通. 
4 对于利用商品房作机房的移动通信基站,应尽量找出建筑防雷接地网或其他专用地网,并就近再设一组地网,三者相互在地下焊接连通,有困难时也可在地面上可见部分焊接成一体作为机房工作地,保护地和铁塔防雷地.工作地及防雷地在地网上的引接点相互距离不应小于5米,铁塔尚应与建筑物避雷带就近两处以上连通.  

冻冬

5 铁塔地网的组成:当通信铁塔位于机房旁边时,铁塔时网应延伸到塔基四脚外1.5米远的范围,网格尺寸不应大于3米乘以3米,其周边为封闭式,同时还要利用塔基地桩内两根以上主钢筋作为铁塔地网的垂直接地体,铁塔地网与机房地网之间应每隔3-5米相互焊接连通一次,连接点不应少于两点.当通信铁塔位于机房屋顶时,铁塔四脚应与楼顶避雷带就近不少于两处焊接连通,同时宜在机房地网四角设置辐射式接地体,以利雷电流散流. 
6 变压器地网的组成:当电力变压器设置在机房内时,其地网可合用机房及铁塔地网组成的联合地网;当电力变压器设置在机房外,且距机房地网边缘30米以内时,变压器地网与机房地网或铁塔地网之间,应每隔3-5米相互焊接连通一次(至少有两处连通),以相互组成一个周边封闭的地网. 
7 当地网的接地电阻值达不到要求时,可扩大地网的面积,即在地网外围增设1圈或2圈环形接地装置.环形接地装置由水平接地体和垂直接地体组成,水平接地体周边为封闭式,水平接地体与地网宜在同一水平面上,环形接地装置与地网之间以及环形接地装置之间应每隔3-5米相互焊接连通一次;也可在铁塔四角设置辐射式延伸接地体,延伸接地体的长度宜限制在10-30米以内. 

冻冬

1、接地体 
1-1 接地体宜采用热镀锌钢材,其规格要求如下: 
钢管 直径50毫米,壁厚不应小于3.5毫米. 
角钢 不应小于50毫米乘以50毫米乘以5毫米. 
扁钢 不应小于40毫米乘以4毫米. 
1-2 垂直接地体长度宜为1.5-2.5米,垂直接地体间距为其自身长度的1.5-2倍.若遇到土壤电阻率不均匀的地方,下层的土壤电阻率低,可以适当加长.当垂直接地体埋设有困难时,可设多根环形水平接地体,彼此间隔为1-1.5米,且应每隔3-5米相互焊接连通一次. 

冻冬

<p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、接地体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp; <br/>1-1&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">接地体宜采用热镀锌钢材</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">其规格要求如下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">:&nbsp; <br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">钢管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">壁厚不应小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">3.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">.&nbsp; <br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">角钢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">不应小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米乘以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米乘以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">.&nbsp; <br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">扁钢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">不应小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">40</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米乘以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">毫米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">.&nbsp; </span></span></p>

冻冬

1-3 在沿海盐碱腐蚀性较强或大地电阻率较高难以达到接地电阻要求的地区,接地体宜采用具有耐腐,保湿性能好的非金属接地体. 
1-4 接地体之间所有焊接点,除浇注在混凝土中的以外,均应进行防腐处理.接地装置的焊接长度:对扁钢为宽边的2倍,对圆钢为其直径的10倍. 
1-5接地体的上端距地面不应小于0.7米,在寒冷地区,接地体应埋设在冻土层以下. 

冻冬

2、接地线和接地引入线 
2-1 接地线宜短,直,截面积为35-95平方毫米,材料为多股铜线. 
2-2 接地引入线长度不宜超过30米,其材料为镀锌扁钢,截面积不宜小于40毫米乘以4毫米或不小于95平方毫米的多股铜线.接地引入线应作防腐,绝缘处理,并不得在暖气地沟内布放,埋设时应避开污水管理和水沟,裸露在地面以上部分,应有防止机械损伤的措施. 
2-3 接地引入线由地网中心部位就近引出与机房接地汇集线连通,对于新建站不应少于两根. 

3、接地汇集线 
3-1 接地汇集线一般设计成环形或排状,材料为铜材,截面积不应小于120平方毫米,也可采用相同电阻值的镀锌的扁钢. 
3-2 机房内的接地汇集线可安装在地槽内,墙面或走线架上,接地汇集线应与建筑钢筋保持绝缘. 

冻冬

接地电阻的要求；

    3-1、移动通信基站地网的接地电阻值应小于5欧姆,对于年雷暴日小于20天的地区,接地电阻值可小于10欧姆。

    3-2、架空电力线与电力电缆接口处的保护接地以及电力变压器(100KVA以下)保护接地的接地电阻值应小于10欧姆。
    3-3、架空电力线上方的避雷线及增装在高压线上的避雷嚣的接地电阻值,其首端(即进站端)应小于10欧姆,中间或末端应小于30欧姆。

冻冬

[upload=jpg,（步骤01）地网开挖.jpg]UploadFile/2007-9/20079231491553233.jpg[/upload]
[upload=jpg,（步骤03）测量地网深度.jpg]UploadFile/2007-9/200792314112824674.jpg[/upload]

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-23 14:12:23编辑过]